Cyathostoma bronchialis
Cyathostoma bronchialis is a species of nematode similar to Syngamus trachea (the Gapeworm), which can infect ducks, geese, turkeys, and sometimes chickens. It is found in the larynx, trachea, bronchi, and sometimes in the abdominal air sacs of infected birds.
Life Cycle: The life cycle of C. bronchialis can be direct, by ingestion of third-stage larvae, or indirect, through ingestion of a paratenic host (earthworms).
References
- Saif, Y. M. Diseases of poultry. John Wiley & Sons (2009)