Brand Names:
Cartia XT, Tiazac, Cardizem CD


Drug Type: Calcium_channel_blocker

Diltiazem

Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker used to treat atherosclerosis in chickens. It is an antihypertensive and vasodilating agent that relaxes the blood vessels so the heart does not have to pump as hard. It also increases the supply of blood and oxygen to the heart. It is also used to treat certain types of arrhythmias (abnormal heart rhythms).

In one study, chickens receiving this treatment showed a 30-40% decrease in lipid deposition of the aorta. (B Garcia Perez et al).

Overdose of this drug can be dangerous. There is no established toxic threshold for chickens but the dosage given below is considered the high range. Signs of toxicity include vomiting, decreased heart rate, low blood pressure, altered mental status, diarrhea and weakness.

Storage
Capsules: store at room temperature. Protect from excess humidity.

Oral solution: 12 mg/mL solution prepared in Ora-Sweet, Ora-Sweet SF, Ora-Plus, or in a 1 : 4 mixture of cherry syrup and simple syrup was more than 92% potent for up to 60 days at either 5° C or 25° C (41° F or 77° F). In another study, 1 mg/mL solution prepared from dextrose, fructose, mannitol, and sorbitol (but NOT lactose) remained potent for a minimum of 50 days at 25° C (77° F).

IV solution: should preferably be stored between 2° C and 8° C (36° F and 46° F), without freezing, but may be stored at room temperature for up to 1 month, then discarded.
  • 3 mg/kg PO twice a day (clinical dose)
  • 30 mg/kg PO twice a day (higher range dose, considered most effective)
tablets
  • Diarrhea
  • Weakness
  • Reduced heartbeat