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Uropygial (preen) Gland Issues

The uropygial gland—also called the preen gland—is located at the base of your chicken’s tail. This small gland produces an oily substance that chickens spread over their feathers when they preen. This oil helps keep feathers healthy, properly structured, and water-resistant. It also has natural antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-parasitic properties that help protect the skin and feathers.

Location of Uropygial gland (preen gland) in chickens

Sometimes, problems can develop in this gland. Common issues include blockages (impactions), infections, abscesses, and, less commonly, tumors. Tumors of the preen gland can be benign or cancerous, and it can be difficult to tell the difference between an infection and a tumor just by looking at it. In many cases, a biopsy is needed to determine the exact cause.

Treatment and Care

Treatment depends on the underlying problem. If you notice swelling, discharge, a scab, or a mass near your chicken’s tail, it’s best to have your bird evaluated by a veterinarian to determine the cause and appropriate treatment.

Clinical Signs

Feather picking near the tail base

Poor feather condition

Feather loss near the gland

Bleeding, scabbing, swelling or redness near the gland

A visible mass or lump near the gland

Abnormal discharge at the gland opening

Diagnosis

Physical exam
CBC and blood chemistry
Cytology or culture of gland secretions
Biopsy
Radiographs: to evaluate the invasiveness of the tumor and whether metastasis has occurred.

Treatment

Name	Summary
Supportive care	Isolate the bird from the flock and place in a safe, comfortable, warm location (your own chicken "intensive care unit") with easy access to water and food. Limit stress. Call your veterinarian.
Nutritional changes	A well-balanced diet is important, especially adequate vitamin A, which supports skin and gland health. Your veterinarian may recommend supplemental vitamin A.
If the gland is impacted	Mild blockages may improve with warm compresses and gentle massage to help release the material. More severe cases may require veterinary treatment.
Wound care	If ulceration or trauma is present.
Analgesic/anti-inflammatory medication	In cases of suspected pain and inflammation.
Debridement surgery	In cases involving ulcerated tissue and abscesses, reoccurring impactions, chronic infections, or if the gland has ruptured.
Antibiotics or antifungal medication	If an infection is present. Should be chosen based on culture and sensitivity results.
Surgical removal of the gland	May be necessary in cases involving tumor masses or severe infections.